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Windows Servers Roles and Features flashcards

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How does a network operating system differ from a desktop operating system?

A network operating system is built to manage and coordinate resources across a network. A desktop operating system is for individual, everyday use: it lacks the server roles, the licensing for many simultaneous network connections and the reliability features of a server edition.

What is the difference between a switch and a router?

Switch: connects devices within the same network segment and directs traffic between them; most workstations and servers connect to one directly. Router: connects the network to other networks, such as the internet, directing traffic by IP address.

Why is a server normally given a static IP address?

Other systems, DNS records and firewall rules reference the server's address. A fixed address means none of them break when a DHCP lease would otherwise renew and change it. Client devices, by contrast, typically receive an address dynamically from DHCP.

Name the four disk and data storage management tasks and what each does.

Formatting: prepares a storage device with a file system before it can store data. Partitioning: divides a physical disk into separate logical sections, each managed independently. Disk quotas: limit how much storage a user or group may consume. Disk cleaning: removes unnecessary or temporary files to free space.

What are the five stages of the account lifecycle, in order?

1. Creation, typically from a template matching the user's role. 2. Authentication: password, smart card or biometric. 3. Permissions, following least privilege. 4. Editing, as roles or requirements change. 5. Deleting, promptly when a user leaves.

What is a virtual machine?

A software-based emulation of a physical computer, with its own virtual CPU, memory, storage and network interface. It runs its own complete operating system as if it had dedicated hardware, while actually sharing the physical host's resources with other VMs.

Why is a snapshot (checkpoint) not a backup?

A snapshot is stored on the same host and the same storage as the VM, so it offers no protection if that storage or the whole host fails. Snapshots kept a long time also consume growing disk space and can degrade performance. They are a short-term rollback tool around a specific change.

What does tracert add beyond a simple ping?

ping tests whether an address responds and how long a round trip takes, confirming that a problem exists. tracert (or traceroute) shows the path, hop by hop, with a round-trip time at each hop, so it locates where along the path a delay is being introduced.

Distinguish component, connectivity and network (performance) testing.

Component testing: does one device (a switch, a server, a NIC) work on its own, in isolation? Connectivity testing: can devices reach each other across the network, typically checked with ping and traceroute? Network (performance) testing: does the network meet its speed, latency and reliability requirements under real or simulated load?

What is the benefit of joining a server to an existing domain?

The server accepts the domain's own accounts, group policy and security baseline automatically, instead of needing every setting configured locally and separately. It turns individual machines into one coordinated, centrally managed network rather than isolated islands.

What is a server?