DQM Basic Units
Occupational Safety and Health Skills flashcards
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Complete Flashcard Reference
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What is the difference between a hazard and a risk?
Hazard: anything with the potential to cause harm, such as a chemical, a machine or a poor procedure. Risk: the likelihood that a hazard will actually cause harm, combined with the severity if it does. Never use the two terms interchangeably in an answer.
List the hierarchy of controls from most to least effective.
1. Elimination 2. Substitution 3. Engineering controls 4. Administrative controls 5. Personal protective equipment Answer 'what control would you recommend' by working down from the top.
What does the Occupational Safety and Health Act, 2007 require of employers in Kenya?
It is the primary OSH statute. Employers must: - ensure the safety, health and welfare of everyone at work - register workplaces with the Directorate of Occupational Safety and Health Services (DOSHS) - report specified accidents and dangerous occurrences
What is a company OSH program, and what does it include?
The organisation's overall system for managing safety and health: - a stated policy - defined responsibilities - a schedule of risk assessments and inspections - training - the standards and procedures that put the policy into daily practice
What are the five steps of an OSH risk assessment, in order?
1. Identify the hazards present in a work activity or area. 2. Determine who might be harmed and how. 3. Evaluate the risk and decide whether existing controls are adequate. 4. Record the findings. 5. Review the assessment periodically or when conditions change.
Name the five categories of workplace hazard.
Physical, chemical, biological, ergonomic and psychosocial.
Why is PPE called the last line of defence?
It is used only once elimination, substitution, engineering and administrative controls cannot remove the risk entirely. It protects only the person wearing it, relies on correct and consistent use, and does nothing to reduce the hazard itself. It is the weakest control, not the default answer.
What OSH-related records should an organisation keep?
- Risk assessment records - Training and induction records - Accident and incident reports - PPE issue and inspection records - Statutory registers and DOSHS correspondence
State four requirements for storing hazardous materials safely.
- Segregate incompatible substances, for example oxidisers from flammables. - Use appropriately labelled, sealed and corrosion-resistant containers. - Store in a well-ventilated, temperature-controlled area away from ignition sources. - Maintain spill-containment measures, such as bunding and absorbent material, around storage.
What contingency measures should a workplace have in place?
- Emergency evacuation procedures and clearly marked assembly points - First-aid provision and trained first aiders on site - Fire-fighting equipment, tested and accessible - An incident-reporting and response procedure - Regular drills to confirm the measures actually work
Why does a quality management technician need OSH skills?
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Give examples of physical hazards.
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What are chemical hazards?
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What are biological hazards?
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Give examples of ergonomic hazards.
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Give examples of psychosocial hazards.
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What is DOSHS, and how does an employer deal with it?
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What does the Work Injury Benefits Act (WIBA) cover?
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What are Occupational Safety and Health Standards (OSHS)?
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An oxidising chemical is stored on the same shelf as a flammable solvent. What is wrong, and what is the risk?
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Give two examples of spill-containment measures around hazardous storage.
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What are the four requirements for disposing of hazardous waste?
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Name two treatments applied to hazardous waste before final disposal.
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Why are hazardous waste disposal records kept?
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Who should collect and transport hazardous waste?
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What head protection is used, and against what?
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What eye and face protection is used, and against what?
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What respiratory protection is used, and against what?
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How are gloves chosen for hand protection?
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What foot protection is used, and against what?
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What hearing protection is used, and where?
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How does risk evaluation decide which risks to address first?
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Hazard A scores likelihood 4 and severity 4; hazard B scores likelihood 5 and severity 2. Using likelihood x severity, which is controlled first?
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When should an OSH risk assessment be reviewed?
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At the evaluation step of a risk assessment, what is decided besides the level of risk?
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What is elimination in the hierarchy of controls?
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What is substitution in the hierarchy of controls?
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What are engineering controls?
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What are administrative controls?
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A factory's only response to a loud machine is to make workers wear ear protection. What has it skipped, and what should come first?
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Why does a workplace run regular emergency drills?
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What OSH standards and procedures should a workplace have documented?
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Which OSH procedure is used for high-risk activities?
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Why do OSH records matter as much as the stated policy?
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A company has a written safety policy but no risk assessment, training or incident records for the past year. Would its OSH program withstand an audit?
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How do you check whether a described company's OSH program is complete?
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How to revise with these cards
- Answer out loud or on paper before you turn the card: recalling is what fixes it.
- Go through the deck in short sessions of ten to fifteen minutes, every day.
- Shuffle once you know the order, so you are not answering from memory of the sequence.
- When a card catches you out, read the chapter it links to, then try the topic in a past paper.