CPFM Module I
Strategic Management in the Public Sector flashcards
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What is strategy?
The long-term direction and scope of an organisation, aimed at achieving advantage through its configuration of resources within a changing environment, to fulfil stakeholder expectations.
How does public-sector strategy differ from private-sector strategy?
Private sector: driven by profit and market competition, with relatively clear metrics such as revenue and market share. Public sector: driven by public value and mandate, accountable to citizens and political oversight rather than shareholders, and judged on service delivery, equity and legal compliance.
Distinguish an organisation's mission, vision and values.
Mission: its fundamental purpose, why it exists. Vision: the aspirational future state it is working toward. Values: the principles guiding how it pursues its mission and vision.
What does each letter of PESTEL cover?
Political: government stability, policy direction and regulation. Economic: growth, inflation, interest and exchange rates. Social: demographics, culture and social attitudes. Technological: the pace and direction of technological change. Environmental: climate, sustainability and environmental regulation. Legal: the laws and legal system the organisation operates within.
Name the seven elements of the McKinsey 7-S framework. Which sits at the centre?
Strategy, structure, systems, shared values, skills, staff and style. Shared values, the organisation's core culture and beliefs, sit at the centre.
What are the four categories of the BCG Matrix?
Classified by market growth and relative market share: Stars: high growth, high share, worth continued investment. Cash cows: low growth, high share, steady returns that fund other activities. Question marks: high growth, low share, uncertain, needing a decision to invest or divest. Dogs: low growth, low share, candidates for discontinuation.
What three criteria are strategic options evaluated against before one is chosen?
Suitability: does it address the circumstances found in the strategic analysis? Acceptability: are its likely outcomes (return, risk, stakeholder reaction) acceptable to stakeholders? Feasibility: does the organisation have, or can it obtain, the resources and capabilities to deliver it?
What does 'structure follows strategy' mean?
Structure has to be aligned with the chosen strategy. A strategy demanding fast, coordinated decisions is undermined by an overly hierarchical, siloed structure, so the structure is changed to fit the strategy.
What are the four steps of strategy control, in order?
1. Set performance standards. 2. Measure actual performance. 3. Analyse performance variation. 4. Take corrective action. Skipping from measurement straight to corrective action, without analysis, is a commonly tested omission.
What is a County Integrated Development Plan (CIDP)?
The overarching five-year strategic plan each county is required to produce, integrating its sectoral priorities. The county's Annual Development Plans are derived from it.
What is strategic management?
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What are the three approaches to strategy?
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What are strategic lenses, and how should a strategist use them?
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Why does Kenya's public sector structure matter to strategy?
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What does Porter's Diamond analyse, and what are its four factors?
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Name Porter's Five Forces.
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How are new entrants and buyers read when Five Forces is applied to the public sector?
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What is the threat of substitutes? Give a public-sector example.
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How does PESTEL differ from Porter's Five Forces?
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Why are shared values at the centre of the 7-S framework?
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What are the primary activities in Porter's Value Chain?
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What are the support activities in Porter's Value Chain?
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In SWOT analysis, which elements are internal and which external?
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What does global-level strategy balance?
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A government programme has low uptake and low growth potential. How does the BCG Matrix classify it, and what follows?
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What are the four growth strategies of the Ansoff Matrix?
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A county agency offers an existing service to a group of citizens it has never served. Which Ansoff strategy is this?
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When do you use the BCG Matrix, and when the Ansoff Matrix?
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What are Porter's generic strategies?
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How does cost leadership differ from a focus strategy?
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How do national and county strategy relate in Kenya?
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What does the suitability criterion test?
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What does the acceptability criterion include in the public sector?
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What does the feasibility criterion test?
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In one line each, how do acceptability and feasibility differ?
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Why must strategy execution account for organisational culture?
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How can technology enable strategy execution in the public sector?
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Why are process improvement and quality management part of implementation?
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What turns a formulated strategy into results rather than a document?
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What happens in the first two steps of strategy control?
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What three causes of a performance variation must a public body separate, and what does each call for?
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What goes wrong when corrective action is taken before the cause of a variation is established?
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What forms can corrective action take, and where does it lead?
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What is a strategic plan?
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What are Medium Term Plans and Annual Work Plans?
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Put the county planning documents in order, from broadest to most detailed.
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What is a County Sectoral Plan?
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What is the national-level counterpart of a county's Annual Development Plan?
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